In the mid-19th century, Arthur W. and Cornelia E. (Smith) Newell lived in Medina, Orleans Co., N.Y. and owned a farm in nearby Middleport, where they grew tobacco and vegetables with the help of a tenant. Arthur's father was probably Solomon Newell, who moved from Southington, Conn., to Barkhamsted, Litchfield County, Conn., in the 1780s. Cornelia (Smith) Newell's parents apparently lived 40 miles to the west of Medina, in Lockport.

Arthur ran a mercantile establishment at the corner of Canal and Main Streets, formerly the site of the Eagle Hotel, which had burned in the winter of 1841-42. His involvement in local politics spurred him to "r[i]de the goat of the Loyal League", which initiated him into the Loyal National League of the State of New York in 1864. Rumor has it this pro-union group liked to get deep in the cups together. He also attended the New York state convention as a delegate of the Union League in September 1865.

Arthur's political involvement, however, was overshadowed by his business ventures. In the true American entrepreneurial spirit, he had struggled with various speculative enterprises. Arthur had sold some "Oswego land" previous to his stints as oil speculator and carpetbagger, indicating that he had a history of land speculation. He was caught up in the oil craze in 1865 and formed a stock company, The Medina Petroleum Company. "Oil on the brain" prompted him, as president of the company, to buy land in the center of the oil-producing district, Venango County, Pa., sight unseen. His land investments took him to Titusville, the first place where oil was discovered. During his five weeks in the oil district he also went to the aptly named Pithole City, a place Arthur described as "a Pit of debauchery, drunkenness, crime, mud & Oil". The Company's land investments sadly did not yield much oil or revenue for the stockholders.

After having had little success at pumping oil, Arthur was caught up in the new "epidemic": "cotton on the brain." Within a year he had turned his capitalistic attention to the South, and traveled through the Tennessee Valley with his two business associates, Mr. Castle, also from Medina, and Mr. Wheeler. They were seeking likely land to lease and settled on a 700 acre plantation near Courtland, Ala. Arthur returned to Medina to sell the Middleport farm and together with Myron, went back to the plantation to relieve Castle. Arthur was left with most of the responsibility for setting up the plantation and getting the cotton and corn planted. He hired more "darky" hands, bringing the total to 35, endured an "indolent slut" for a housekeeper, fired the superintendent Prince, and had to cope with mules with dysentery. Cornelia was preparing to visit the plantation in July, 1866, however, there is no further information on the Newell's after this point. There is a possibility that Arthur and Cornelia did permanently relocate to Alabama, satisfying her "long cherished desire to live in a warmer climate". If they did move to the south, Arthur intended to get into the lumber trade.

Arthur and Cornelia had two sons, George Albert, born 11 January 1846, and Myron S., his younger brother. George studied law at Yale, graduating in 1868, and was admitted to the bar the following year. In 1875 he was one of four attorneys in Medina, living on West Street, close to the commercial center of town. He became a prominent citizen, serving as justice of the peace, county clerk, county treasurer and president of the Union Bank of Medina. He also devoted considerable time and attention to Free Masonry and was elected to receive the 33rd and last degree at the meeting of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite held in Boston in 1894. George married Anna E. McGrath in 1886 and they had one son and two daughters. The only information available about Myron S. lists him as a chief engineer of the Medina Fire Department after 1880.

Scope and contents:

The Newell Family Papers show what life was like in a small New York town in the mid-1860s and detail Albert Newell's entrepeneurial ventures into the oil and cotton trades. The heart of the Newell family papers consists of 41 letters written by Arthur W. and Cornelia E. Newell to their son George Newell during his first two years at Yale. Most were written from the family home in Medina, New York. Both Arthur and Cornelia included news of local people's movements and sicknesses, of events, and the effects of the weather on the crops. They frequently mentioned trips to nearby Lockport, Middleport and Ridgeway, often for cultural or religious activities. The Newells' letters also recounted longer trips to Chicago for the nomination of Lincoln on the Republican ticket in 1860, to the Armory in Springfield, Mass., and to the Grand Review of the Army of the Potomac in Washington in May 1865.

There are no letters from George to his parents, but some information about his university years can be inferred from the letters they wrote to him. They both lectured him about being an upstanding young gentleman, exhorting him to "choose virtue as your Goddess..." and to "beware of all evil". As a freshman he joined a fraternity without having to undergo too many trials. During the winter of 1865-66 he hurt his ankle severely enough to necessitate the use of a crutch for several months. He first lived in a private home at 30 High Street but moved to college rooms his sophomore year. Arthur's investments meant that the Newell's were often cash poor, however, they were still able to send George over $970.00 during his first two years of college. Yale tuition at the time was less than $25.00 per term. Almost all of George's tuition bills are included in this collection, along with a "promise to pay" signed by his father.

There are five letters written to George Newell in the 1880s and 1900. As an older man, he evidently developed an interest in his family history, and there are two letters from a second cousin concerning their great grandfather Thomas Steadman. Colonel Edwin Franklin Brown of the 28th New York Infantry wrote George a marvelous letter recounting the involvement of his father, Jeremiah Brown, in the "Morgan Affair". In 1826 the Masons of the Batavia Lodge were accused of murdering Capt. William A. Morgan for divulging secrets of the society. Jeremiah Brown was charged with complicity in the abduction of Morgan, went into hiding, was tried at Lockport and acquitted by Judge William S. Marcy (who went on to serve as governor 1833-1838). This event catalyzed the Anti-Masonic movement, led by Thurlow Weed, and Brown related some of the repercussions felt by his family.

The collection also includes three earlier Newell family documents. The oldest is a small copybook, inscribed, "Samuel Newell his book 1734". It evidently passed from generation to generation of Newells and contains genealogical information and some accounts; dates span from 1726 to 1823. According to the copybook, Solomon Newell married Sally Steadman in 1807. The two letters from George's second cousin G. W. Pierce suggest that her father was Thomas Steadman, a Revolutionary War soldier from Connecticut. Pierce refers to Thomas Steadman as "your [George's] Grandmother's Father", offering further evidence that Arthur was the son of Solomon and Sally (Steadman) Newell. The other two documents are early nineteenth century deeds. One, from Damaris Newell, gave his son Solomon Newell land on Center Hill in Barkhamsted, Litchfield County, Conn. The second, signed by Grandison Newell, gave Solomon a portion of a house and barn, also on Center Hill. The rest of the collection is comprised of a variety of miscellaneous documents relating to the life of George Newell, including Yale tuition bills, a bill from the photographer, George K. Warren, a stock certificate issued by the Medina & Alabama Plank Road Company, a mortgage, two checks drawn from a Union Bank of Medina account and a clipping from the Medina Tribune.

Separation report:

A full plate ruby glass ambrotype of the Newell family, ca.1858, has been transferred to the Photographs Division (call number A.2.11).

An oval albumen portrait of Cornelia Newell is located in the Photographs Division.

References:

Atlas of Niagara and Orleans Counties, New York (Philadelphia: Beers, Upton & Co., 1875)

Boyce, C. W. A Brief History of the 28th Regiment New York State Volunteers... (Buffalo, NY: Matthews-Northrup Co.)

Mock, Stanley Upton. The Morgan Episode in American Free Masonry (East Aurora, NY: The Roycrofters, 1930)

Signor, Isaac S. Landmarks of Orleans County, New York (Syracuse: D. Mason & Co., 1894)

M-2433
cat. 1/96 rko

Subject index to the Newell Family Papers

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